Preventing and Controlling Sooty Mold Tree Disease

Sooty mold appropriately and exactly describes the disease, as it looks just like chimney soot.  Ascomycete  fungi, which includes many genera, commonly  Cladosporium  and  Alternaria are usually the offending fungal organisms.  Although unsightly, it seldom damages the tree but it can look nasty in the landscape. The pathogens are dark fungi growing either on the honeydew excreted by sucking insects  or on exuded sap  material coming from leaves of certain trees. These sucking insects can include aphids and scale insects and sooty mold may occur on any tree but is most commonly seen on boxelder, elm, linden, and especially  maple trees. More on Honeydew Honeydew is a sugary,  sticky liquid secreted  by sucking, piercing  insects as they feed on plant sap. The insect feeds itself by using a special mouthpart that penetrates  the soft tissues of plant foliage, soft stems and most particularly for aphids, the tender underside of leaves. These soft-bodied insects produce the honeydew as a liquid waste product via the gut but will not harm your tree. Its a real problem on  everything beneath and around the tree that is exposed to the syrup and then colonized by sooty mold. Prevention of Sooty Mold Sooty molds are associated with high temperatures and increased stress brought on by limited moisture. During drought, aphid populations and their honeydew production typically increase on foliage undergoing moisture stress. One prevention method for the mold is keeping plants and trees well-watered and controlling the soft-bodied insect population is very important. Control of Sooty Mold Sooty molds can be indirectly controlled by reducing populations of sucking insects that excrete honeydew. Use the appropriate recommended chemicals that control aphids and other sucking insects. The appropriate chemicals  your trees need for these sucking insects might be applying horticultural oil  during the dormant season  followed by an insect growth regulator in the mid-summer. Also, a good washing of infested trees foliage (if possible) can dilute the honeydew and wash off the mold. This alone may be all that is needed.

‘Snowball Would Have Made a Better Leader Than Napoleon.’...

‘Snowball would have made a better leader than Napoleon.’ Do you agree? ‘Animal Farm’ is a novel based on the Russian Revolution, about a group of animals wanting to rebel against man. Snowball a smart, fair and strong leader gets ruled over by Napoleon, an unfair and selfish leader. This was the first error in the rebellion. Snowball would have defiantly made a better leader than Napoleon. The reasons for this are that he educated the animals, had future economic plans and knew how to keep a fair and smart community. Overall Snowball was a better leader than Napoleon. He had the potential to the Rebellion going. Snowball showed lots of the attributes to a good leader. He was a good speaker and listener, fair, gave constructive†¦show more content†¦He went against all the commandments that were set at the beginning of the rebellion by the Old Major and he became friends with the enemy. Napoleon was defiantly not a role model and didn’t have any or the qualities of a good leader. Animalism on Animal Farm would have definitely been more achievable if Snowball was in charge. Snowball had the qualities of an excellent leader. He had great plans and wanted what was best for the whole farm. He didn’t care about the power. All he wanted to do was rebel against man and make the animals lives better. His morals were good and people looked up to him. Although Napoleon had the ability to set tasks, organise things and run the farm it didn’t make him a leader, all it was, was power. Snowball was different. He wanted his followers, the other animals, to achieve their highest goals and complete the rebellion rather than just simply bossing people around. That’s leadership. Snowball had leadership. By Jess MillerShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Squealer in Animal Farm Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagesare seen to be giving themselves better quality food than the rest of the animals. Squealer is described in the book as a brilliant talker and persuasive. He is excitable and confuses the others with his skipping motions and whisking tail. These actions take the focus away from what he is actually saying. Squealer begins his explanation by using the word comrades. The use of this word leads the animals to believe he is talking to them as an equal; this would make the animals more likely toRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1143 Words   |  5 Pageshumans will eventually do to them, he claims â€Å"‘To that horror we all must come †¦ Jones will sell you to the knacker, who will cut your throat and boil you down for the foxhounds. As for the dogs, when they grow old and toothless, Jones ties a brick round their necks and drowns them in the nearest pond.’† (Orwell). His statement emphasizes on the lack of justice and liberty for the animals in the farm. As the animals trust Old Major, they heed his words and act upon it for the better. For a society toRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1122 Words   |  5 Pagestheir natural span. For myself I do not grumble, for I am one of the lucky ones. I am twelve years old and have had over four hundred children. Such is the natural life of a pig. But no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end. You young porkers who are sitting in front of me, every one of you will scream your lives out at the block within a year. To that horror we all must come--cows, pigs, hens, sheep, everyone. Even the horses and the dogs have no better fate. You, Boxer, the very day that thoseRead MoreAbuse of Power in George Orwell’s Animal Farm Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesOften times in a communist society, a leader’s use of language can lead to abuse of power. In George Orwell’s Animal Farm, the farm leaders, the pigs, use unknown language, invoke scare tactics, and create specific laws, thereby enabling them to control other animals, to suit their greedy desires, and to perform actions outside their realm of power. Because of the pigs’ use of broad language, implementation of scare tactics, and creation and manipulation of laws, they are able to get away with avoidingRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1899 Words   |  8 Pageshe had trouble at first, on August 17th, 1945, Orwell finally found someone who would be willing to publish his novel. During the writing of Animal Farm, Soviet Russia’s involvement in thwarting the Nazi Army caused many of the English publishers to refuse publication. These publishers saw numerous risks in publishing Orwell’s masterpiece because of the impact it could have on Stalin himself. When asked why he would offend Stalin in such a way, and also the USSR, he simply stated that he had onlyRead MoreAnimal Farm â€⠀œ Assessment One3790 Words   |  16 Pagesanimals’ suffering solely on human beings. Mr. Jones and his men have been exploiting animals for ages, Major says, taking all of the products of their labor- eggs, milk, ect for themselves and producing nothing of value to offer the animals in return. What motto does Major give the animals? The message Major gives the animals is â€Å"Why, work night and day, body and soul, for the overthrow of the human race! That is my message to you, comrades: Rebellion† this message means why are all the animalsRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Orwell Essay2648 Words   |  11 Pagesfamily but a hardworking family. His mother was a French extraction in India and his father was a minor British official in the Indian Civil Service. In preparatory school, Orwell was known to be a brilliant, poor student, and was treated differently than the middle-class students. Growing up, he was shy and an ill-tempered boy who told his stories through autobiographical essays and satire stories. In 1922, Orwell won two scholarships to England s leading schools, Winchester and Eton. He chose toRead MoreBook Report on George Orwells Animal Farm4582 Words   |  19 Pagespower and the common people during this time. The main characters can be pointed out as the pigs Old Major, Napoleon, Snowball, and Squealer; the horses Boxer, Clover and Mollie; the goat Muriel; the raven Moses; the donkey Benjamin; the sheep; and the humans Mr. Jones, Mr. Pilkington , Mr. Frederick and Mr. Whymper. There is no clear central character in the novel, but the dictatorial Napoleon is responsible for most of the action. The book starts with Mr. Jones, the owner of Manor Farm, stumblingRead MoreBook Report on George Orwells Animal Farm4597 Words   |  19 Pagespower and the common people during this time. The main characters can be pointed out as the pigs Old Major, Napoleon, Snowball, and Squealer; the horses Boxer, Clover and Mollie; the goat Muriel; the raven Moses; the donkey Benjamin; the sheep; and the humans Mr. Jones, Mr. Pilkington , Mr. Frederick and Mr. Whymper. There is no clear central character in the novel, but the dictatorial Napoleon is responsible for most of the action. The book starts with Mr. Jones, the owner of Manor Farm, stumblingRead MoreAnimal Farm : All Power Corrupts1688 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Farm: All Power Corrupts â€Å"Choose a novel or short story or a work of non-fiction which explores a theme which you find interesting. By referring to appropriate techniques, show how the writer explores the theme.† In the novel â€Å"Animal Farm†, author George Orwell explores a multitude of various themes. However, the underlying, ever-present, and arguably the most important theme in the book is power, and the corrupting effect it has on those who receive it. Orwell uses various language techniques

The Middle Passage free essay sample

The Middle Passage, was it just the route taken by the slave ships across the Atlantic, or rather, the time in our history when humans were ripped from their native land,chained shackled aboard a slave ship, being transported to a New World. Which will you recall,the route or the ship? The combined talents of authors, David Manic Malcolm Cooley offers an in depth view into our history as it relates to The Middle Passage in their February 1 962 issue of American Heritage our supplemental reading chapter 4.The authors makes it clear right away, that Europeans did not originate the dead of exporting slaves along the African coast. This had been a practice of the merchants Of Timeout the Moorish kingdoms north Of the Sahara. There had also been a long history of transatlantic slave trade. Negroes (as called during this time period,refers to the African Americans of today) were in Santos Domingo by 1 503, the first 20 slaves were sold in Jamestown,Virginia in 1619. The abominable and inhuman conditions which the Africans were faced with on their voyage clearly display the great evil of the slave trade.The Middle Passage was the most infamous route of this triangular trade. Although danger lurked constantly throughout the voyage across the Atlantic, the greatest danger to the slave ships always came when they were loading on the African coast. Once aboard the ships, the Negroes realized that they were being sent far away from home, and often there was violence even before the ship set sail. However, most of these uprisings were easily put down. Others jumped overboard and plunged from the ship into the sea, choosing to either drown or be devoured by blood-thirsty sharks rather than be taken from their homeland. The Middle Passage took anywhere from one to five months depending on weather conditions with wind conditions varying by time of year. The ships used were designed for the transport of goods rather than people since two of the legs of the triangular trade involved cargo such as casks of rum or molasses or crates of textiles and other goods such as bales of cotton and tobacco. Due to this design, the conditions aboard ships running the Middle Passage with human cargo were poor with practically nonexistent sanitation facilities as the ships were not designed for the transport of several hundred people.African kings, warlords and private kidnappers sold their captives to Europeans who held several coastal forts. When rare opportunities arose, the Europeans themselves kidnapped African people. The captives were usually force-marched to these ports along the western coast of Africa, where they were held for purchase to the European or American slave traders. People were usually packed int o the ships transporting at least 400 slaves that were chained in the cargo hold, guarded by approximately 35 crew. Many ships contained up to 700 slaves aboard one slave ship.The male captives were normally chained together in pairs to save space; right leg to the next mans left leg CLC while the women and children may have had somewhat more room. The captives were fed very small portions of beans, corn, yams, rice, and palm oil, normally just enough to sustain them. Slaves were fed two meals a day with water, but if food was scarce, slaveholders would get priority over meals. Sometimes captives were allowed to move around during the day, but many ships kept the shackles on throughout the arduous journey. About 1 1 millionAfricans were forcefully taken from Africa and took the voyage overseas. Disease and starvation due to the length of the passage were the main contributors to the death toll with amoebic dysentery and scurvy causing the majority of deaths. Additionally, outbreaks of smallpox, syphilis, malaria, measles, and other diseases spread rapidly in the close-quarter compartments. The number of dead increased with the length of voyage, since the incidence of dysentery and of scurvy increased with longer stints at sea as the quality and amount of food and water diminished with every passing day.In addition to physical sickness, many slaves became too depressed to eat or function efficiently because of the loss of freedom, family, security, and their own humanity. This often led to worse treatment like force- feeding or lashings. Some even committed suicide before they arrived in the New World. The Haitian revolution of 1 804 led to the outlawing of the Atlantic Slave Trade by the primary slave trading nations, Great Britain and the United States, in 1807. However, the transport of captives from Africa to the Americas continued on a reduced scale until the middle of the century. Within the United States, several Southern slave states (primarily Virginia) provided slaves to other slave states especially the new states coming into existence as the United States expanded westward (see Northwest Ordinance). This slave trade internal to the Lignite States ended with the Emancipation Proclamation, the American Civil War, and the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution What has not been a subject of debate is that the experience of the African slaves along the Middle Passage remains today as the paramount example of unman mistreatment and suffering.The conditions which the slaves were faced with on this journey graphically display the absolute terror which was African-American slavery. For centuries the blacks were victimized by the heartless greed of a European class which was more advanced, and thus in a position to exploit them. The Africans, who were captured, branded, and locked in chains, had their humanity completely stripped away by slavery. Exemplified by the horror of the Middle Passage, slavery and the slave trade have permanently imbrue the character Of all humanity.

Marketing Intercontinental Hotels Resorts â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Marketing Intercontinental Hotels Resorts? Answer: Introduction InterContinental hotels and resorts are well-established hotel group in United Kingdom. The group has more than 180 hotels, which are situated in over 60 nations worldwide. Since more than 70 years, this brand is one of the major luxurious hotel brands in the world. The hotel organization is very popular because of its excellent hospitality services and operations. The company is engaged in green activities and operations (InterContinental Hotels Resorts, 2017). In addition, it is engaged in responsible business by conducting various environment friendly activities, like; online sustainability systems, green engage system etc. This report includes different service aspects for InterContinental Hotels and Resorts. It presents the services of organization by creating a service blueprint for the organization. From the flow charts of previous assessment, it includes functions of front stage and back stage departments. In addition, it discusses the moments of truth of the service organiz ation and there are some determinants of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. At the end, the report describes the service-recovery strategy plan for InterContinental Hotels. Blue Print for Service Organization Service blueprint is a diagram for representing the services process of a services organization. A service blueprint includes various aspects of service process, like; process of service offering, customer contact points and evidence of the services for the customers perspective. Service blueprint works as a tool, which offers guidance to the organization, how a service will be offered and specifies human resource actions, physical evidence of services, infrastructure and support system that is required to deliver services (Amin Zahora Nasharuddin, 2013). Using service blueprint can be beneficial in the stage of service concept development, while planning for a new service. InterContinental Hotels and resorts are the well-known hotels in the United Kingdom hotel and hospitality industry. This hotel group ensures that all the booking and reservations will be made on the websites of hotel that provides the guests and tourists with the best prices and offers for rooms and suites according to date and choices of guests. This online reservation process assists the public to find out the affordable rate online and book the rooms confirmed in local currency of hotel organization (Baum, 2016). In creating a service blueprint, cross functional teams and customers will be engaged in demonstrating the entire hotel service. InterContinental Hotels is creating service blueprint that includes all the related aspects of the organization. The service blueprint of this hotel consists of all customer contact points, physical evidence, support processes and other related processes including customer experiences. Most of the processes at InterContinental Hotels are determined by service encounter between customers and employees (Bitner Wang, 2014). However, the hotel has successfully developed an organizational culture and structure, which assists service model of the company and has implemented effective marketing strategies to depend on this organizational culture and brand image. The below-given diagram presents the service blueprint of InterContinental Hotels. It includes various processes and components, which are stated below; Figure 1: Service Blueprint of InterContinental Hotels Actions of customers This aspect of service blueprint includes all the actions, which are taken by the customers and guests during delivery of service. In the case of InterContinental Hotels, guests actions begin from the time, when they enter into premises of hotel (Dhar, 2015). The guests are greeted at the door of hotel and taken to reception. Then after, customers interact with receptionist to check the booking in the case of online booking. The receptionist processes the check-in and registration procedure. This procedure includes the assigning the room, give the keys and sending the bags to room. In this context, the guests can visit the restaurant area of hotel and they can use other fun and entertainment activities at InterContinental (Gunarathne, 2014). Physical Evidence Physical evidence at InterContinental includes all the things, which a guest can utilize and see to affect his perception for delivery of service. At InterContinental, the guests will utilize the personality and body language of employees as physical evidence to perceive the services. In addition, physical evidence may include all the tangible elements at hotel, like; ambience, furniture and other physical evidences at hotel. Employee Actions Employee actions can be divided into two parts, like; Invisible contact employee actions and visible contact employee actions. Visible employee actions are the face to face interactions between employees and guests at hotel (Grnroos and Grnroos, 2016). At InterContinental, it includes the front office communications, like; interaction with housekeeping staff, dining facilities and entertainment and recreational activities interactions. Moreover, invisible employee actions are the indirect communication between customers and employees. At InterContinental, it includes emails and telephone calls, which are shared between employees and guests. Support processes Support processes are the processes, which are taken behind the service delivery and these processes do not include direct interaction with the guests. In the case of InterContinental Hotel, the support processes may include HR and finance processes. Supporting processes are necessary for the service to be offered (Jaakkola, Helkkula Aarikka-Stenroos, 2015). Front and back stage functions Service companies are primarily divided in two different divisions, i.e. front stage operations and back stage operations. Front stage includes all the processes, which are utilized to interact with the customers at organization. Moreover, back stage division deal with the processes and services, which are not interacted with the customers. The employees in this division have the abilities and skills of how the services are offered. Front stage and back stage operations at InterContinental Hotels are stated below; Front Stage Functions In a service organization, front stage functions make up most of the service delivery process. Front stage functions at InterContinental Hotels start with the employee actions and customer actions. It includes welcoming and greeting customers with a smiling face, checking the guests in, recording their personal information, baggage delivery, inquiring the guests etc. All these actions are front stage practices between employees and guests. In front desk operations, each and every process will deliver the physical evidence that a guest can use to make their attitude and perception regarding service (Kindstrm and Kowalkowski, 2014). InterContinental Hotel considers that front stage processes are more work-focused, because the staff needs to become multitasking and managing the guests. Figure 2: Front Stage Flow Chart Back Stage Functions Back Stage functions are the functions, which include the operations, processes by the supporting divisions in the organization. The people in back office department are the predecessor to the functions of front stage department in the process of service delivery. These activities are not seen by the guests (Lovelock Patterson, 2015). At InterContinental Hotels, the back stage operations include maintaining the information and records of customers, Finance, HR, housekeeping etc. Figure 3: Back Stage Flow Chart These functions are not experienced by the customers face to face or directly. These processes are significant for assisting the front stage operations. For instance, cleaning and better housekeeping is essential to aid the front stage operations. The organization needs to manage its front and back stage operations effectively to enhance its brand value and to attain profitability. Moments of Truth for Organization Moment of truth in service focused organizations refer to the phase of interaction between organization and customers. This type of interaction will result in creation of attitude and perception from the view of customer or leave an impression to the customers. A moment of truth determines the perception and views of customers about an organization. It develops a two way communication between organization and customers (Mattsson and Chadee, 2015). In the case of InterContinental Hotels, each and every invisible or face to face communication between employee and guest creates a moment of truth. It includes the employee actions, customer actions and invisible actions. The company is offering the facility that people can make their booking on hotels website. These online services also work as moment of truth for InterContinental Hotels. The reservation systems and website functions simultaneously form the moments of truth. At InterContinental, front stage functions form the service process of the organization, so these processes play a vital role in forming the moment of truth. At a hotel organization, moments of truth can be both good and bad as well. However, it is necessary for InterContinental Hotels and Resorts to enhance the positive and better moments of truth to become successful in the competitive hospitality industry. Identifying these positive moments of truth helps the organization in ensuring the satisfaction level o f guests and it will return to the service organization, i.e. InterContinental Hotels in the near future (Mattsson and Sderlund, 2017). Determinants of satisfaction/dissatisfaction In hospitality business, guest satisfaction is considered as a major factor for the any service organization. In this case, the service organization that is taken into consideration is InterContinental Hotels in United Kingdom. This organization operates its hotels and resorts at international level, so it is significant to maintain the higher standards of customer satisfaction through service providers. There are some key determinants, which can be used to analyze the satisfaction and dissatisfaction level of the service organization. InterContinental Hotel is also using these determinants of satisfaction or dissatisfaction (Mattsson and Chadee, 2015). Profitability Profitability of an organization indicates the success and growth level of an organization. Sales and revenues off an organization are direct factors, which determine the satisfaction of guests, who are staying at InterContinental hotels. Market Share Same as, market share is also a major factor in evaluating the customer satisfaction. InterContinental Hotels is a leading player in UK hotel industry and worldwide. The major determinant of satisfaction and success will be market share of the organization that it enjoys over its competitors in the industry, like; Holiday Inn, Staybridge Suites, Candlewood Suites etc. If the company has higher market share, then it will assist the organization in proving higher level of customer satisfaction about the services offered (Mok, Sparks and Kadampully, 2013). Repeat Intention of customers Higher repeat intention of guests is also a direct determinant of satisfaction of guests at InterContinental Hotels. If the guests choose to stay at InterContinental Hotels UK again and again, it indicates that they are happy and satisfied with their services. Whenever, they travel to the city, they book the hotels under InterContinental Group, it shows that guests are satisfied with the delivery of service and brand promise. Customer referrals In the process of customer referrals, the existing customers recommend hotels services to their relatives and family if they like it and satisfied with the services. In an organization, a higher extent of customer referral shows the higher satisfaction towards services (Srensen, Sundbo and Mattsson, 2013). Customer feedback Customer feedback also works as a direct determinant of the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of guests for the services, which are offered by this service organization. An increased level of customer complaints is a red flag for the hotel. So, the organization should deal with these issues immediately because they can influence the business and its brand image. RATER Model RATER model includes five different dimensions, like; reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness. Along with this, RATER model can assist in identifying the measures of the services quality and gaps in quality of service. It assists the hotel to enhance service delivery model to get the success. By the use of RATER model, the organization can identify the gaps in service quality (Sun, Tong and Law, 2017). These gaps are like; gaps between abilities of management and knowledge and lack of confidence and trust between employees and customers, gaps between customer expectations and tangibles, possible gaps between communication between employees and guests at hotels etc. It is essential to decrease the gaps to enhance the quality of services being rendered. InterContinental Hotels makes investment in training and development program for employees. For this the company will place service recovery plan and strategies, which are stated below; Service-recovery strategy plan For a service organization, service encounters are significant moment of truth in which people generally develop everlasting impressions of organization. Good and positive service encounters are vital for the success of business operations. So, it is essential for the management to keep an insight on the service encounter and make sure that it offering high standards and quality of hospitality services to customers. Unsuccessful and unproductive service processes can lead to significant cost to the hotel by performing the service again, becoming mandatory to reimburse the guests for poor service (Sun, Tong and Law, 2017). The managers at InterContinental Hotels must make sure that service encounter at hotel is up to the mark and fulfill the needs and expectations of guests. Managers require being cautious about adverse conditions, which may generate in service delivery and make sure that they have a service recovery plan and strategies. In its service recovery plan of InterContinental hotel, the organization needs to make focus on three major areas; Interactions with Guests Services and processes Employee Management At InterContinental Hotels, if a condition arises, where a customer is dissatisfied with the services, so it is essential to take an action to recapture the trust of customers to enhance their positive attitudes and perceptions. In its service recovery plan of InterContinental Hotel, first step is for the employees to accept their faults and mistakes and apologize to the guests and management. It is significant to consider that dissatisfied guests want to be heard very closely and hopes the employees will be honestly sorry. The customers think that they are correct and generate specific expectations of staff to resolve the issues (Wong, 2013). Under service recovery strategy, another aspect is related to having a plan to resolve processes and service failure. It is essential to enhance the processes and activities, which caused adverse situations in service system. It is as significant as recovering the dissatisfied customer. The last strategy includes combination of two strategies, which is related to employee management. Training department and management should continuously educate and train the employees at hotel to become cautious about the potential adverse situations and manage their behavioral and personality traits. In brief, an effective service recovery plan needs complaint acknowledgement, apology, better steps to process suitable actions, analysis and interaction with employees and staff. Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that InterContinental Hotels and Resorts are adopting and implementing effective services strategies. In its services blueprint, the organization is focusing on various aspects, when the service is rendered to the guests. The report includes all the functions of front stage and back stage department of the organization. All the functions are divided into departments effectively. The service system is effective for sustainable service delivery and business. The service recovery plan will assist the organization in resolving the issues related to service failure. References Amin, M., Zahora Nasharuddin, S, 2013, Hospital service quality and its effects on patient satisfaction and behavioural intention, Clinical Governance: An International Journal,18(3), 238-254. Baum, T. ed., 2016.Human resource issues in international tourism. Elsevier. Bitner, M. J., Wang, H. S, 2014, Service encounters in service marketing research, Handbook of service marketing research,221. Dhar, R. L, 2015, Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment, Tourism Management,46, 419-430. Gunarathne, U, 2014, Relationship between Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in Sri Lankan Hotel Industry, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 11. Grnroos, C. and Grnroos, C., 2016. Internationalization strategies for services: a retrospective.Journal of Services Marketing,30(2), pp.129-132. InterContinental Hotels Resorts, 2017, Explore InterContinental, Retrieved from https://www.ihg.com/intercontinental/content/us/en/explore. Jaakkola, E., Helkkula, A., Aarikka-Stenroos, L, 2015, Service experience co-creation: conceptualization, implications, and future research directions,Journal of Service Management,26(2), 182-205. Kindstrm, D. and Kowalkowski, C., 2014, Service innovation in business-?to-?business firms,Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,29(2). Lovelock, C., Patterson, P, 2015, Services marketing. Pearson Australia. Mattsson, J. and Chadee, D., 2015, Customer satisfaction in tourist service encounters. InProceedings of the 1995 world marketing congress(pp. 397-397). Springer International Publishing. Mattsson, J. and Sderlund, M., 2017, Thinking about the service encounter enhances encounter-related word-of-mouth. InQuality in Services. Mok, C., Sparks, B. and Kadampully, J., 2013, Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Srensen, F., Sundbo, J. and Mattsson, J., 2013, Organisational conditions for service encounter-based innovation.Research Policy,42(8), pp.1446-1456. Sun, S., Tong, K.T. and Law, R., 2017, Chinese hotel guest perception of international chain hotels under the same hotel brand in different travel destinations: The cases of intercontinental and Sheraton.Journal of Vacation Marketing,23(2), pp.172-188. Wong, I.A., 2013, Exploring customer equity and the role of service experience in the casino service encounter.International Journal of Hospitality Management,32, pp.91-101

Finding out How much Acid there is in a Solution Essay Example

Finding out How much Acid there is in a Solution Essay The aim of this investigative experiment is to discover the accurate concentration of sulphuric acid (H2SO4), which is found in a solution. The concentration is thought to be between 0.05 mol dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3 and 0.15 mol dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3. I have been given access to anhydrous potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and a range of indicators.PlanIn order to obtain the concentration of the acid in the solution I have to titre the known solution of potassium carbonate with the unknown sulphuric acid. The indicator I will be using to indicate when the reaction is fully completed is methyl orange. This is because I am using a strong acid and a weak alkali and methyl orange is the most appropriate indicator for this type of acid-alkali titration.To begin with I will have to prepare a standard solution of potassium carbonate that will be used in the titration with sulphuric acid. The potassium carbonate is of known strength and volume in contrast with the unknown concentration of sulphuric acid. This is the equation for the titration:H2SO4 (aq) + K2CO3 (aq) K2SO4 (aq) + H20 (l) + CO2 (g)Preparing a standard solution:These are the requirements, showing apparatus and the quantities of the materials to be used.Apparatus:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Safety glassesà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Spatula:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Weighing bottleà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Balance weighing to within 0.01gà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Wash bottle of distilled waterà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Beaker, 2503cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Conical flask, 250cm3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Pipette Fillerà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Pipette, 25cm3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Tripod standà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2 clampsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ White tileà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Burette, 50mlà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Filter funnelSolutions:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Sulphuric acid, 50cm3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Methyl orange.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Anhydrous potassium carbonate, 2.55gFair test and accuracyà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ When reading, eye must be level with meniscus to read the burette.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ We will also wash all equipment when doing the other solutions. This is due to the different solutions mixing, so they give a different compoun d. We wash these in water because when you mix an acid or alkali with water, the pH level will not change since water is neutral. If we did not use water or anything neutral, then we will be changing the solution and this factor can give us inaccurate results.Procedure preparing my standard solution1: Using a spatula put between 2.4g to 2.6g of potassium carbonate on the weighing bottle. Weigh the potassium carbonate on the balance, and make sure that you have an accurate weight between 2.4g to 2.6g of potassium carbonate, weighing to the nearest 0.01g.2: Put about 250cm3 of distilled water into a 250cm3 beaker. Carefully move the bulk of the potassium carbonate from the weighing bottle into the beaker.3: Shake the beaker to break up the solid.4: Show your beaker to the teacher.Procedure titration1: Set-up the tripod stand and the burette, held firmly in position by the clamps, you can refer to the diagram.2: Fill the burette using a filter funnel with 50ml of sulphuric acid. Air bubbles should be avoided. Read off the zero mark at eye level to ensure that the bottom of the meniscus is on the mark.3: Use a pipette filler and pipette to transfer 25cm3 of potassium carbonate in your beaker to a 250cm3 conical flask. Air bubbles must be avoided.4: Add 3 drops of the methyl orange indicator to the conical flask (methyl orange is being used as the titration is between a strong acid and a weak alkali).5: Now perform a rough titration by running the sulphuric acid, whilst swirling the flask of alkali, until the solution turns a pink colour. This is the end point where the acid and the alkali have neutralised each other. Note and record the rough value of the volume of acid in a table.6: Now perform a second titration, this is as before except that this time run in the acid until about 2ml less than the rough value has been added, then proceed to run in the acid a drop at a time, keeping a close eye on the colour of the solution. You try to get an orange colour in t he solution.Record this end point in the table as before. Remember to use the pipette as before with the exact same volume of the standard solution, and the exact same volume of sulphuric acid.7: Continue to do the titration until you get two readings within 0.1cm of each other. Remember to record the volume of sulphuric acid required each time. Now work out the average of the accurate readings and record this in the same table.Once the titration has been completed and a sufficient average value has been calculated, you can go on to evaluate and analyse the experiment. Here is a risk assessment of the chemicals used in my experiment.Risk AssessmentHazardsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Do not shake the conical flask too vigorously or the solution will spill.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Always be prepared for a spill.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Make sure that the burette is closed when not in use.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Do not fill the burette right to the top.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Make sure the clamp stand is held tightly by your partner.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Make sure the burette is held tightly by the clamp stand.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Make sure the solution are put in a safe place and is not put on the edge of the table.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Make sure every solution, liquid, etc, solutions are put in a safe place and is not put on the edge of the table.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ MAKE SURE YOU HAVE YOUR SAFETY GLASSES ON DURING THE WHOLE EXPERIMENTPotassium carbonateAlthough the solution I am using is very dilute I should still be aware that contact with eyes, skin and clothing must be avoided. As such I am to be wearing goggles and a lab coat. Also any slippages would cause the area to become slippery and dangerous, if they are not cleaned up quickly.Methyl orangeThe same precautions apply for this as did with the potassium carbonate.Sulphuric AcidIt is very corrosive. If it is swallowed, wash out mouth and give one or two glasses of water. Dont induce vomiting. Seek medical advice as soon as possible.If it is splashed into the eye flood the eye with gently running t ap water for 10 minutes. Seek medical advice.If it is spilt on clothes or skin remove the clothes quickly and wipe as much liquid as possible away with a dry clothe before drenching the area with lots of water. If a large area of skin was affected or blistering seek medical advice.If it is spilt in the laboratory, wear eye protection and gloves and cover with mineral absorbent and scoop into a bucket. Add anhydrous potassium carbonate and leave to react. Once the reaction has occurred add lots of cold water.Results titrationMy plan for the titration should provide precise and reliable results if all chemicals are weighed and measured to the correct mass or volume. The apparatus should be set-up properly with no judgmental errors such as the reading of the volume on the dropping pipette or burette. This is the table by which I will be recording the volumes of sulphuric acid used in the titration, hence my results; I will calculate the average volume from these results. Using this fo rm of table should allow me to provide a clear and concise way of representing my results and should aid me in my analysing and evaluating section of this investigation.Rough/cm31/cm32/cm33/cm34/cm3Final14.829.8544.8815.0430.01Initial014.829.85015.04Titres14.815.0515.0315.0415.06Average = 15.05cm3 (2.dp)CalculationUnknown = Sulphuric AcidKnown = Potassium CarbonateTo calculate the concentration of the potassium carbonate solution used:2.55g solid anhydrous potassium carbonateMassRMMRMM of K2CO3 = (2 x 39.1) + 12.0 + (3 x 16.0)= 138.20gMoles K2CO3 = 2.55/138.2 = 0.0185m= 1.85 x 10-2mMole x 1000Volume volume = 250cm31.85 x 10-2 x 1000250Therefore, initial molarity of potassium Carbonate = 7.4 x 10-2 Mol/dm3 (0.074 Mol/dm3)Concentration of acid solution:Equation of neutralisation of sulphuric acid with potassium carbonate:H2SO4 (aq) + K2CO3 (aq) K2SO4 (aq) + H20 (l) + CO2 (g)Which means that the mole ratio of sulphuric acid: potassium carbonate is 1:1Amount of potassium carbonate need ed to neutralise 25cm3 sulphuric acid (average titre) = 15.00cm3Moles K2CO3 in 15.00cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of 0.074 mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ solution= 0.01505 x 0.074 = 0.00113 moles K2CO3Ratio K2CO3:H2SO4 = 1:1 therefore moles H2SO4 = 0.001110.00113 moles H2SO4 in 25cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Concentration of H2SO4= 0.00113 x 100025Therefore initial molarity of sulphuric acid= 0.0452 mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (4.52 x 10-2 Mol/dm3)EvaluationThe results and calculations show what I believe to be a fairly inaccurate concentration of sulphuric acid that is 0.0452 mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. I carried out the experiment as stated in my method until I had concordant titres of within 0.1cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of each other. I did not include my rough titre in the average as it was performed to a much lower degree of accuracy and was merely to familiarise myself with the equipment and experiment.I am almost certain that several errors have occurred in the experiment, mainly human error but also some caused by the procedure, technique and equipment. My reading of the meniscus in the burette could be inaccurate and therefore create an error. Even though I rinsed all my apparatus with distilled water before use (and the burette with sulphuric acid) it is still likely that some contamination occurred which would have affected my results. The amount of sulphuric acid I used in each titration was determined by when I saw a colour change in the indicator in the conical flask. It is very possible that I could have missed the exact moment when the colour change and therefore neutralisation occurred. This would mean too much or too little acid may have been added to the flask giving an inaccurate representation. The percentage errors associated with the experiment can be calculated by:(Precision error x 100) / Actual readingErrors caused by glassware and equipmentà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Volumetric flask when filled correctly has a precision error of 0.2cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and therefore has a percentage error of 0.08%à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ All burette readings include 2 decimal places in which the second figure was a 0 or a 5 as I could only determine between these measurements. This gives an error of 0.2% for each reading.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The digital balance gave readings of 2 decimal places, which means the actual reading could be +/- 0.005g of the recorded reading; (0.005 x 100 /1.06 = 0.47) so the balance delivers a percentage error of 0.47%.Errors caused by techniqueà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Mixing of the solution in the conical flask may not be totally through.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The burette and pipette may not have been thoroughly washed out with the solutions used.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The conical flask may not have been thoroughly washed out with distilled water between titres.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The end point may not be accurate if the solution from the burette is not added drop by drop with continuous swirling.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Too much or too little indicator may have been added each timeIt is not possible to place a value on the effect of human error on the rel iability and accuracy of results. However, further repetition of the experiment would limit the effect human error has on results.Improvements to the investigation would be mainly aiming to reduce the human error. This could be done by using equipment that displays values and measurements digitally, or detect the colour change more accurately.Overall I do not believe my results could have been that inaccurate seeing as my titres were the same. I feel that the procedure allowed me to discover the accurate concentration of the acid to a fairly accurate and reliable degree.

More About Mission

More About Mission More About Mission More About Mission By Mark Nichol A recent post listed and defined many words containing the element mit and miss and descended from the Latin verb mittere, meaning â€Å"send.† This follow-up offers related words not as easily discerned as being part of the mittere family. But first, here are the details about a word integral to this vocabulary family but not discussed in the previous post: Mission, the word that often forms the root of the noun form of words in the mittere family, itself means â€Å"job† or â€Å"task† or sometimes refers to those sent to do a job or task. Because the practice of sending religious personnel to convert people or provide aid to them historically also had political and economic motivations, the term came to apply also to assignments of diplomatic personnel and trade representatives. Also from the religious sense, a complex of buildings constructed to support such work is called a mission. (A particular style of architecture and furniture inspired by buildings and furnishings for Catholic missions in North America is called â€Å"mission style.†) Someone engaged in mission work in a religious context is a missionary; that term is also employed as an adjective to describe someone very supportive of a cause or eager about a job; this fervor might be described as â€Å"missionary zeal.† Mass, describing a church service,† derives from Latin by way of the Old English term mà ¦sse, which refers to the church service known as the Eucharist; it likely stems from the priest’s concluding statement, â€Å"Missa est† (â€Å"It has been sent†). Religious documents and publications generally capitalize the term, while in lay usage it is usually lowercase. (The noun and verb mass, referring to a large amount or crowd, is unrelated.) A missal, meanwhile, is a book containing prayers said or sung at various times of year during masses. Mess in the dining sense, usually employed to describe a meal seating in a military context, comes from the notion of sending a meal to be eaten. The sense of â€Å"jumble† or â€Å"state of confusion or untidiness,† and the meaning, by extension, of â€Å"quantity† derives from the original sense applied to mixed food given to animals. A message is a communication (as a verb, the word means â€Å"communicate by message† or â€Å"send a communication†); it can also apply, more broadly, to an idea or theme. The near synonym missive refers specifically to a letter, while a missile is a weapon â€Å"sent† by projecting or throwing. The phrase mise-en-scà ¨ne, borrowed directly from French, literally means â€Å"setting on the stage† and is based on the French noun mise, â€Å"a placing or putting†; it refers to the physical arrangement of performers and scenery in a live or recorded dramatic presentation or, by extension, the context or setting of a narrative or the environment of a place in general. To dismiss is to disregard or send away; such an act is a dismissal. Demise is a formal synonym for death that also applies to the end of activity or existence or the loss of position or status, as well as conveying sovereignty or an estate; in the latter sense, it is used in legal contexts as a verb. (In the sense of â€Å"death,† such usage is rare.) A premise is an idea or statement accepted as true or the sake of argument or to discuss a reasoning; the word is also employed as a verb in that sense. In plural form, it has the specific formal meaning â€Å"buildings and the piece of land on which they are built.† (This usage stems from the fact that in legal documents, where such property was often described, premise was employed to mean â€Å"something previously stated.†) Surmise means â€Å"imagine† or â€Å"infer,† or refers to having a poorly supported idea or thought; such is also referred to as a surmise. A promise is a pledge or vow- one literally â€Å"sent forth†- or the action of pledging or vowing; the word also pertains to an expectation, as in â€Å"the promise of rain† or â€Å"showing promise.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers75 Synonyms for â€Å"Talk†Threw and Through

The interactional view theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The interactional view theory - Essay Example The interaction view theory was developed by Paul Watzlwick, a scholar in family studies who developed detailed therapies concerning miscommunication in family units. The main aim behind the theory development was to study the interaction of family units and occurrence of miscommunication problems within the family that may arise in different situations. Basically, there are five main concepts under interaction view theory that Watzlwick developed in studying miscommunication within families. The concepts are that as a family it is impossible not to communicate, and that communication is determined by the relationships between members of a group. Moreover, the theory postulates that relationships are developed through punctuation and that any communication has to be either digital or analogic. The last concept of the theory is that communication may either be complementary or symmetrical (Griffin 186-191). No one brings about the meaning and concepts of the interaction view theory better than the characters in the in the film stuck in love. In this film, parents have apparently split after the wife is caught cheating on the husband. Their two kids in the meanwhile live with their father while their mother has found a new husband with whom they live together. On one occasion, the daughter eventually finds her mom kissing her new husband notwithstanding she had not divorced with her dad. As a result, the daughter becomes furious with her mom and even refuses to speak to her. On the other hand, the daughter is still furious with her dad in that her father had refused to let her mother go through a divorce and had no plans of getting back together with her. Nevertheless, after the family members took time to reconsider their actions away from their controlling emotions, they come back to their senses and the family shows signs of improvement. Finally, the family is back